MikroEleketronika demonstrates how to build a simple home alarm system that has the capability of sending SMS to a predefined cell phone number when intrusion is detected.

This project is based on StartUSB for PIC board, a small development board for PIC18F2550, which is preprogrammed with an USB bootloder so that no additional programmer is required to load the firmware. The SMS portion uses a SmartGM862 Board, which is a full-featured development tool for the Telit’s GM862 GSM/GPRS module. All the boards required for this project can be purchased as SMS Home Alarm Kit from mikroElektronika. A demonstration software for PIC is also available for free. They are offering free shipping now.

For more detail: Make your own motion sensor alarm with SMS feature using PIC18F2550

Current Project / Post can also be found using:

• home automation program for microcontroller

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Digital humidity sensor with LCD display is used to measure relative percentage  of water vapors in air. HS1101 capacitive humidity sensor is interfaced with PIC16F877A microcontroller to measure humidity and LCD is used to display percentage humidity in air.For humans there is certain limit for water vapors presence in air. Above that limit relative humidity may cause problems to human health.

Humidity sensors have many application in industry and domestic areas. Humidity means presence of water vapors in air. Percentage of water vapors in air should be with in safety limit. Otherwise It have harmful physical and chemical effects on human beings and also in industrial products. Humidity sensors have major applications in agriculture ,chemical, oil, gas and medical industry. For example in agriculture industry humidity sensor is used to measure moisture in fields. There are also many other application of humidity sensor.You can search them om Google.

digital Humidity sensor selection

When you search on Google, you will come across many humidity sensors. All these humidity sensors have their advantage and disadvantage. But I used capacitive HS1101 humidity sensor in this project. What is meant by capacitive humidity sensor? All capactive senors give output in capacitive form.They change their capacitance with respect to change in sensing parameter like in HS1101 sensor sensing parameter is amount of water vapors in air. The reason why I used this humidity sensor?  Because

• It can be used for highly sensitive applications.
• less cost
• easy to interface with microcontroller with small extra circuitry
• No calibration is required
• It can be easily used for home appliances and industrial control system.

How to use HS1101 digital humidity sensor

HS1101 is a  capacitive humidity sensor, so it can be used with 555 timer circuit to generate square wave of different frequency. I assume you know about 555 timer IC and its use.

humidity sensor circuit with external circuitry

As shown in above figure, variable capacitor is used in place of humidity sensor for simulation purpose. Becuase HS1101 simulation model is not available in Proteus. Above circuit is used as a signal conditioning circuit to convert one form of parameter to its other proportional parameter so that it can be easily interfaced with any digital system or microcontroller. It is not possible for any microcontroller to read change in capacitance directly. That why above circuit is used to convert changing capacitance of HS1101 into sqaure wave whose frequency changed according to change in capacitance .

For more detail: Digital humidity sensor using PIC microcontroller

Current Project / Post can also be found using:

• DIGITAL HUMIDITU SENSOR USING PIC MICROCONTROLLER

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Green house intelligent control system is designed to protect the plants from more cool and hot weather and additional control system is included to save power by making fans and lights automatically turn on and off with the help of intelligent control system. In this project, the intelligent control system is developed using microcontroller and sensors. Green house system has a very important use now a days in the agriculture field.Some plants need the specific amount of water for their proper growth and more  productivity, therefore farmer should provide them the proper quantity of water. But it’s difficult for the farmer to get a estimation for quantity of moisture in soil. But in this project moisture sensor is used to to provide this facility with a intelligent control system.

Block diagram below shows the main functionality of green house intelligent control system. Four sensors are used to measure different parameters of green house system which includes temperature sensor, light sensor, humidity sensor, moisture sensor. Four relays are used to control four respective loads as given below:

LM35 Temperature sensor :

When temperature becomes greater than 25 degree, respective relay become energize to operate the fan and when temperature becomes lower than 20-degree relay turn off the fan by getting control signals from microcontroller. PIC16F877A microcontroller analog to digital converter module is used to read temperature value and to operate relay which in turn operate the fan. To know more about temperature sensor and its working, go through the following article :

Digital temperature sensor using pic microcontroller

Light sensor :

Light dependent resistor is used as a light sensor. LDR is kind of variable resistor which resistance changes with the change in light intensity. So LDR resistance is converted into intensity of light by using LDR resistance and intensity of light formula. PIC16F877A microcontroller is used to measure intensity of light. When intensity of light fall under a certain limit, microcontroller provide signal to relay to turn on light and when intensity of light raise upto a certain limit , microcontroller provide signal to relay to turn off fan. So light sensor is used to add automatic light switching functionality in the green house system, if you don’t have much money to afford a gardener, then you can use green house intelligent control system to make your green house self-operating.

HS1101 Humidity sensor :

Humidity sensor is used to check level of moisture in air Because greater or less humidity level in air can also effect growth of plants. Humidity sensor HS1101 is used to measure level of moisture in air. HS1101 is a capacitative type humidity sensor, So additional circuit is used to convert change in capacitance of humidity sensor into frequency and frequency is measured with the help of microcontroller. Measured frequency is converted back into humidity using a algorithm in microcontroller programming. To know more about humidity sensor and its working, I suggest you to go through following article :

Digital humidity sensor using pic microcontroller 

If humidity becomes greater than a specified limit, microcontroller gives a signal to respective relay to turn on sprinter which is used to maintain a humidity level in the air and when humidity level comes back to a normal limit, microcontroller gives a signal to respective relay to turn off sprinter.

Moisture sensor :

Moisture sensor is used to measure level in soil. A wire strip is used to measure moisture of soil. Wire strip has a specific resistance at specific moisture, but when moisture increases, the resistance of wire strip starts decreasing and similarly when moisture decreases, resistance become higher. PIC16F877A used to measure moisture level and to turn on and off water pump with the help of relay.

Block diagram of complete project is shown below:

simulation of green house system

For more detail: Green house intelligent control system

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Related Information

• Servo Motor Control with an Arduino
• Servo Control with Arduino Through MATLAB
• Servo Control via USB with the SAM4S Xplained Pro
• Control a Servo from Your PC with the Atmel SAM4S

What’s a PICAXE?

PICAXEs are PIC microcontrollers that have been preloaded with a bootstrap code that allows programming in BASIC language. All About Circuits provides a series of articles that serve as a guide to choosing and using any of the chips in the PICAXE family. This article will provide an excellent starting point and will lead you to other articles in the series.

Project Overview

This project consists of building a circuit using common IR (infrared) LEDs to produce IR emissions and an IR phototransistor to detect reflected IR light. The voltage from the phototransistors varies with the intensity of the IR light received. A specially programmed PICAXE microcontroller converts this analog voltage to a digital format and stores it for comparison with the output from other IR phototransistors.

Based on the relative levels of the IR light, the PICAXE signals a servo motor to rotate to a predetermined position. Thus, reflected IR light can be used to control physical movements.

What’s a Servo?

Servos, or more specifically servomotors, are electromechanical devices that consist of (1) an electric motor with an accessible output shaft, (2) a mechanism to determine the rotary position of the output shaft, and (3) electronic circuitry to receive control signals and position the output shaft accordingly.

One of the most familiar uses of small servos is to move the throttle and control surfaces of RC (radio control) airplanes. Servos are available in a variety of sizes, shapes, and capabilities. A servo suitable for use in this project is the Tower-Pro MG996R, two of which are shown in the photo below.

The MG996R servo operates on 4.8V to 7.2V, and can draw from 500 mA to almost a full ampere depending upon its load. The output shaft covers a range of 120 degrees (60 degrees each side of center.) For a more complete description, download and read the datasheet. A little on-line research will produce all the information you can imagine about servomotors.

For more detail: Controlling a Servo with a PICAXE and an IR Sensor

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What is the intelligent anyway; could we categories how the bees building their tiny hexagonal compound nest, ants searching for their food or birds migration using precision navigation over continental are the intelligent acts; or we as the human being with our cultures and civilizations is the only one that can be categories as the intelligent being? These kinds of question probably will not have satisfied answer as the answer is more philosophy terms rather than physics or mathematics law; therefore I think anyone could give their own opinion to this question.

Continuing our tutorial about BRAM (Building BRAM your first Autonomous Mobile Robot using Microchip PIC Microcontroller – Part 1); this time we will learn how to program BRAM brain and at the same time we learn how to use the Microchip PIC16F690 microcontroller EUSART (Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) peripheral for debugging BRAM program; later on we will add the distance measuring sensor for enhancing the obstacle avoidance capabilities to BRAM; this time we will use sharp GP2D120 analog distance measuring sensor.

As you learn through these two tutorials, building BRAM is not just a matter of building a robot; which of course is cool (…yeah…I’ve build a robot) but is more than that; building a robot required you to use your imagination and knowledge about how to build the robot chassis, choosing the right stuff to put on your robot, maximizing the microcontroller’s peripherals to support your robot and finally programming your robot; this kind of knowledge is very important in the embedded system control used in many industries.

BRAM Steering

BRAM steering method use what is called “differential drive“, this method use two DC motor mounted in fixed positions on the left and right side of BRAM chassis; each motor can rotate independently both in forward or reverse direction. By controlling these two DC motors rotate direction; we could control how BRAM move.For more detail: Behavior Based Artificial Intelligent Mobile Robot with Sharp GP2D120 Distance Measuring Sensor – BRAM Part 2

Current Project / Post can also be found using:

• robotic automation project

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Description

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Illustration of our 1-wire bus:

DATA=16 bits RH data+16 bits Temperature data+8 bits check-sum
Example: MCU has received 40 bits data from AM2302 as
0000 0010 1000 1100 0000 0001 0101 1111 1110 1110
16 bits RH data 16 bits T data check sum
Here we convert 16 bits RH data from binary system to decimal system,
0000 0010 1000 1100 → 652
Binary system Decimal system
RH=652/10=65.2%RH
Here we convert 16 bits T data from binary system to decimal system,
0000 0001 0101 1111 → 351
Binary system Decimal system
T=351/10=35.1℃
When highest bit of temperature is 1, it means the temperature is below 0 degree Celsius.
Example: 1000 0000 0110 0101, T= minus 10.1℃
16 bits T data
Sum=0000 0010+1000 1100+0000 0001+0101 1111=1110 1110
Check-sum=the last 8 bits of Sum=1110 1110

When MCU send start signal, DHT22 change from standby-status to running-status. When MCU finishes sendingthe start signal, DHT22 will send response signal of 40-bit data that reflect the relative humidity and temperatureto MCU. Without start signal from MCU, DHT22 will not give response signal to MCU. One start signal for one
response data from DHT22 that reflect the relative humidity and temperature. DHT22 will change to standby status when data collecting finished if it don’t receive start signal from MCU again.
Interfacing PIC18F4550 with DHT22 (AM2302) Proteus simulation:

The picture below shows a Proteus circuit diagram of the simulation:

Internal oscillator is used at 8MHz and MCLR pin is disabled.

For more detail: DHT22 (AM2302) Digital Humidity and Temperature Sensor Proteus Simulation 

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The ADIS16488 iSensor® MEMS IMU is a complete inertial system that includes a triaxis gyroscope, a triaxis accelerometer, triaxis magnetometer and pressure sensor. Each inertial sensor in the ADIS16488 combines industry-leading iMEMS® technology with signal conditioning that optimizes dynamic performance. The factory calibration characterizes each sensor for sensitivity, bias, alignment, and linear acceleration (gyroscope bias). As a result, each sensor has its own dynamic compensation formulas that provide accurate sensor measurements.

The ADIS16488 provides a simple, cost-effective method for integrating accurate, multiaxis inertial sensing into industrial systems, especially when compared with the complexity and investment associated with discrete designs. All necessary motion testing and calibration are part of the production process at the factory, greatly reducing system integration time. Tight orthogonal alignment simplifies inertial frame alignment in navigation systems. The SPI and register structure provide a simple interface for data collection and configuration control.

The ADIS16488 uses the same footprint and connector system as the ADIS16375, which greatly simplifies the upgrade process. It comes in a module that is approximately 47 mm × 44 mm × 14 mm and has a standard connector interface.

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Description

The PS25401A is an ultra high impedance non-contact solid state electric potential sensor. It can be used to detect field disturbance due to the movement of a near-by object. This functionality can be employed in a range of applications including security motion sensors and non-contact electric switches for lighting, door opening, toys etc

The device uses active feedback techniques to both lower the effective input capacitance of the sensing element (Cin) and boost the input resistance (Rin). These techniques are used to realize a sensor with a frequency response suitable for remote sensing applications.

Also known as PS25401A EPIC Sensor.

Features

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The L3GD20H is a low-power three-axis angular rate sensor.

It includes a sensing element and an IC interface able to provide the measured angular rate to the external world through digital interface (I²C/SPI).

The sensing element is manufactured using a dedicated micromachining process developed by ST to produce inertial sensors and actuators on silicon wafers.

The IC interface is manufactured using a CMOS process that allows a high level of integration to design a dedicated circuit which is trimmed to better match the sensing element characteristics.

The L3GD20H has a full scale of ±245/±500/±2000 dps and is capable of measuring rates with a user selectable bandwidth.

The L3GD20H is available in a plastic land grid array (LGA) package and can operate within a temperature range from -40 °C to +85 °C.

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Internet of My Own Things

Intelligence without ambition is a bird without wings. –Salvador Dali
The Internet of Things has a different meaning for different people. For some, it means monitoring room temperatures from a mobile phone, whereas for other, it is controlling garden lighting from a laptop computer. For sports-minded people, it might mean logging their heart rate in real-time to a cloud service. Is there a common denominator between this wide range of different applications?

Our answer is Aistin. Instead of functionally limited ready-made IoT-sets, or flexible but unpractical self-wired desktop hassles, we wanted to inspire people to create new mobile products by providing the best that can be achieved with current technology:

• Compactness – create tiny wrist worn devices instead of desktop monsters
• Variability – uses a standard connector, enabling a large set of add-on boards
• Truly mobile – run for a year and beyond with a small battery

In the heart of our Aistin product family is the very small Bus24 interface. Instead of making a proprietary solution of our own, we wanted to open this revolutionary technology to everyone. That is why the Aistin Bus24 is a free hardware standard with no license fees or other limitations. We really believe it will be included on all microcontroller boards in the future, and that the number of available add-on boards will increase exponentially.

For more detail: iProtoXi Aistin: Multi-Modular Sensor Platform

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Easy Pulse mikro is a new addition to our Easy Pulse Sensor series. The word mikro signifies that it’s an add-on board in mikroBus form factor, which enables easy integration with mikroElektronika‘s numerous development boards. Similar to our original Easy Pulse V1.1 and Easy Pulse Plugin, it also operates on the principle of transmittance photoplethysmography applied to a fingertip using infrared sensors. Easy Pulse mikro provides all necessary instrumentation and amplification on board to detect the cardiovascular pulse signal from the fingertip. The output is a nice and clean analog PPG waveform that is routed to the AN pin of the mikroBus connector. Currently, you can buy this sensor from our Elecrow Store.

Features

• Compatible with mikroBus socket.
• Filtered and amplified analog PPG signal output (range: 0-3.3V).
• On board potentiometer for adjusting amplifier gain, if needed (rotate clock-wise for increasing the gain).
• On board LED for indicating the heart beat. It flashes synchronously with the heart beat on detecting the pulse from fingertip.

The post Easy Pulse mikro – A mikroBus compatible pulse sensor appeared first on PIC Microcontroller.

Introduction

Just a handful of components builds an 8-pin microcontroller based circuit for temperature logging via a serial port; small, fast, and acceptably accurate.

Features

• provides real-time data to your computer via serial port,
• interfaces up to four DS1820 temperature sensors,
• absolute accuracy near 0.5 degrees celcius (as per DS1820 specifications),
• relative accuracy near 0.01 degrees celcius,
• speaks in Centigrade or Fahrenheit (selectable by header pins),
• powered by your computer’s serial port, no extra supply to organise,
• data format easily processed, no special programs required,
• minimal parts count reduces cost,
• built-in serial number for circuit identification,
• special versions available for exotic requirements; high speed, low speed, additional sensors, long distance or pedantic serial bus.
• spare inputs can be used as single-bit digital inputs, (feature removed from final version but can be re-inserted),

Applications

A few ideas of how this circuit can be used:

• simple weather reports for web pages,
• computer power supply temperature warnings,
• redundant critical systems monitoring,
• house temperature monitoring,
• complex home automation tasks (start fan if warmer outside during winter),
• refrigerator testing,
• brewing temperature regulation,
• fish tank heater verification,
• microclimate logging (ground versus air temperature),
• daylight sensing (LDR on digital input),
• primitive locking (using serial number),
• remote monitoring of emu fat in a freezer truck,

Availability

The electronics kit maker Kitsrushas released a PCB and kit of this design. Other kit sellers also sell the kit. Here is a summary:

(If you also sell this kit, and you would like to be added to the list, please write to me, including your country, organisation name, links to your web site and to the kit page. There is no reciprocal link condition. You may be asked to provide a link to this page, but that is for compliance with the software license.)

Theory of Operation
The program in the microcontroller knows two protocols; the one wire bus used by the DS1820 temperature sensor, and the serial protocol expected by your computer. Once power is applied, the program fetches data from the sensors and sends it to the serial port, repeatedly.

The data from the DS1820 arrives in a format peculiar to the sensor. The program calculates the temperature from the data and translates it into human readable ASCII digits. No special program is required on the computer.

Usage Instructions
Plug the circuit into the serial port of a computer. Persuade the computer to expect serial data at 2400 baud, 8 bits, no parity, one or two stop bits. Ask the computer to raise the DTR signal. (See below for software that will do this for you.) The microcontroller will start talking to the connected DS1820 sensors and the circuit should begin transmitting data to the computer. For example:

For more detail: Quozl’s Temperature Sensor Project using PIC12C509

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In the first part of this discussion, the features of ACS712 device were briefly discussed. Now we will use that theory to implement the ACS712 sensor to make a simple DC current meter. The analog output voltage from the sensor is measured through an ADC channel of the PIC16F1847 microcontroller. A voltage to current conversion equation will be derived and implemented in the firmware of the PIC microcontroller and the actual load current will be displayed on a character LCD.

Experimental circuit setup

We are going to setup a test experiment to demonstrate the use of ACS712 to measure a DC current. I am using an ACS712-05B breakout module (you can find them cheap on ebay) for this purpose.

It has got a 1 nF filter capacitor connected between pin 6 and ground, a 100 nF decoupling capacitor between power supply lines, and a power on LED soldered on the board. The power supply and output lines are accessible through header pins on one side, whereas, the current terminals are connected to a 2-pin terminal block on the opposite side, as shown below.

The experimental circuit diagram of the DC current meter is shown below. A 2.7 Ω (rated 2 Watt) resistor is connected in series with the current terminals and a varying dc voltage is applied to vary the current through the resistor and the current path. The output of the sensor module goes to AN0 (pin 17) ADC channel of the PIC16F1847 microcontroller. A 16×2 character LCD is used to display the measured current output.

I am using my PIC16F1847 breadboard module along with the Experimenter’s I/O board to demonstrate this experiment.

The microcontroller uses the supply voltage (+5V) as reference for A/D conversion. The digitized sensor output is processed through software to convert it to the actual current value. The mathematics involved in the process is described in the white board below.

For Vcc=5V and ADC Vref=5V, the relationship between output voltage and ADC Count is

But,

Important note: The calculations shown above considered supply voltage Vcc = Vref = 5.0 V. Interestingly, the final equation relating I and Count remains the same even the power supply fluctuates. For example, suppose Vcc fluctuates and becomes 4.0 V. Then, the sensitivity of the ACS712-05B also changes to 0.185 x 4/5 = 0.148 mV.

If you repeat the above calculations with Vcc = Vref = 4.0 V and sensitivity = 0.148 mV, you will end up with the same equation for I and Count. This was possible because of the ratiometric output of the ACS712 sensor.

The equation clearly tells that the current resolution for this setup is 26.4 mA, which corresponds to count 513, one count higher than the zero current offset. Therefore, this kind of arrangement is not suitable for measuring low current. You need an external Op-Amp circuit to enhance the resolution and be able to make more sensitive current measurement. If you are interested on that, you can visit Sparkfun’s ACS712 Low Current Sensor Breakout page that provides a circuit diagram for such an arrangement.

For more detail: A brief overview of Allegro ACS712 current sensor. Part 2 – Interface the sensor with a PIC microcontroller

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The BMP380 is aimed at the growing markets of gaming, sports and health management, as well as indoor and outdoor navigation. By measuring barometric pressure, the sensor enables drones, smartphones, tablets, wearables and other mobile devices to accurately determine altitude changes, in both indoor and outdoor environments.

Wide range of applications

This new BMP380 sensor offers outstanding design flexibility, providing a single package solution that can be easily integrated into a multitude of existing and upcoming applications and devices.

Typical applications for the BMP380 include altitude stabilization in drones, where altitude information is utilized to improve flight stability and landing accuracy. This simplifies drone steering, thereby making drones attractive for a broader range of users. The BMP380 can also substantially improve calorie expenditure measurement accuracy in wearables and mobile devices, for example by identifying whether a person is walking upstairs or downstairs in a step tracking application. Especially in hilly environments, this allows runners and cyclists to significantly improve the monitoring accuracy of their performance. In smartphones, tablets and wearables, this sensor brings unprecedented precision to outdoor/indoor navigation and localization applications, i.e. by utilizing altitude data to determine the user’s floor level in a building, and enhancing GPS accuracy outdoors.

Accurate and unmatched ease of use

Pressure and temperature data can be stored in the built-in FIFO of 512 byte. The new FIFO and interrupt functionality provide simple access to data and storage. This greatly improves ease of use while helping to reduce power consumption to only 2.0µA at 1Hz during full operation.

for more detail: Bosch launches smallest high performance barometric pressure sensor at CES 2017

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Engineers at the University of Bristol have developed a three terminal pico-power chip that can cut standby drain in sensor nodes – even compared with today’s low-power microcontrollers.

It does this by replacing the low duty-cycle sleep-wake-sleep pattern used on MCU-based sensor monitors, with ‘off’. A voltage detector powered by the sensor – there is no other power source –  starts the processor when the sensor produces a voltage

At 5pA (20°C 1V), power draw from the sensor through the input/supply pin is so low that the chip can directly interface with high-impedance sensors such as antennas, piezo-electric accelerometers, or photodiodes. With so little current required, the chip does not collapse the sensor voltage.

“It will work from five infra-red diodes in series, powered from a TV remote control 5m away, or an un-powered accelerometer”, Bristol engineer Bernard Stark told Electronics Weekly.

Called UB20M, the only power it draws from the system is 100pA(max) leakage through its open drain output transistor. Input threshold is set at 0.6V.

Once the sensor presents greater than 0.6V to the input, the output FET turns on (RDSon~800Ω), and its low resistance can either be used to turn on a p-FET to power up a microcontroller, or can wake a microcontroller from sleep.

for more detail:  INCREASING BATTERY LIFE WITH UB20M VOLTAGE DETECTOR

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Environmental conditions have a major impact on our well-being, comfort, and productivity. Sensirion’s sensor solutions provide detailed and reliable data on key environmental parameters such as humidity, temperature, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM2.5), and CO₂. Environmental Sensing opens up new possibilities to create smarter devices that improve our comfort and well-being as well as increase energy efficiency in a wide variety of applications.

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Current Project / Post can also be found using:

• led spectrum analyzer schematics

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